Facebook only scans a page about ever 24-72 hours, so if you make Open Graph changes, the results won't happen immediately when a page is shared. That is likely part of the problem you're seeing with the images right now. You can use the Facebook linter, below, to see what Facebook will see on your page after you make changes, and this also updates Facebook's cache so that Likes from that page will use the updated info immediately:
developers.facebook.com/tools/lint
Now, as for the defaults, yes, if you set a default title and description, that will be used on all pages that
don't have specific {JFBCGraph title/description} tags. Another thing to try is to leave the title/description defaults blank and don't use the on-page tags at all. Facebook will scan your page and 'guess' the best title and description, which usually is the standard meta title and description. However, it's free to choose it's own title/description, so that may not always be the case. With the 'use first image' setting, this may give you a good combination of title, description, and image for Facebook. Again, use the lint tool above to test out different combinations and see what happens.
Hope this helps, but if you need more help, just let us know!