Thank you Alex for your effort. I could solve it, but not right away.
I tried repairing the database and also re-installed the Joomla core files. Neither would help.
But then I tried to approach it from the IE side instead of the Joomla side and I found this post:
www.bennyn.de/programmierung/html/intern...icht-verhindern.html
And basically, my issue was solved when I added this line to the head:
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
Thank you again and have a great day,
Denise